NOTICE

We've decided to retire and archive this project - there's just no safe way to run Python within pyodide safely with reasonable latency.

Instead, we're working hard on Monty which should solve the usecase we initially intended for mcp-run-python, with better security, lower latency, easier install, and better ways to communicate with the OS.

If you want to use this projects code, or otherwise use pyodide to run LLM generated code, feel free to do so.

However be extremely careful about how you sandbox the service and what code you allow to run.

In particular Python code running in pyodide can run arbitrary javascript meaning it can do whatever the javascript runtime running pydodie can do, including:

• tainting that runtime to control or alter how code runs on later onvocations
• reading and/or writing to any files that runtime has access to
• OOMing the machine by consuming all memory - deno has no good way limit memory usage

These issues are not problems with Pyodide or Deno - they're behaving as advertised, it's just that those tools were not designed as sandboxes to run untrusted code.

Code is executed using Pyodide in Deno and is therefore isolated from
the rest of the operating system.

Features

• Secure Execution: Run Python code in a sandboxed WebAssembly environment
• Package Management: Automatically detects and installs required dependencies
• Complete Results: Captures standard output, standard error, and return values
• Asynchronous Support: Runs async code properly
• Error Handling: Provides detailed error reports for debugging

(This code was previously part of Pydantic AI but was moved to a separate repo to make it easier to maintain.)

Usage

To use this server, you must have both Python and Deno installed.

The server can be run with deno installed using uvx:

uvx mcp-run-python [-h] [--version] [--port PORT] [--deps DEPS] {stdio,streamable-http,streamable-http-stateless,example}

where:

• stdio runs the server with the
  Stdio MCP transport - suitable for
  running the process as a subprocess locally
• streamable-http runs the server with the
  Streamable HTTP MCP transport -
  suitable for running the server as an HTTP server to connect locally or remotely. This supports stateful requests, but
  does not require the client to hold a stateful connection like SSE
• streamable-http-stateless runs the server with Streamable HTTP MCP transport in stateless mode and does not
  support server-to-client notifications
• example will run a minimal Python script using numpy, useful for checking that the package is working, for the code
  to run successfully, you'll need to install numpy using uvx mcp-run-python --deps numpy example

Usage with Pydantic AI

Then you can use mcp-run-python with Pydantic AI:

from pydantic_ai import Agent
from pydantic_ai.mcp import MCPServerStdio
from mcp_run_python import deno_args_prepare

import logfire

logfire.configure()
logfire.instrument_mcp()
logfire.instrument_pydantic_ai()

server = MCPServerStdio('uvx', args=['mcp-run-python@latest', 'stdio'], timeout=10)
agent = Agent('claude-3-5-haiku-latest', toolsets=[server])


async def main():
    async with agent:
        result = await agent.run('How many days between 2000-01-01 and 2025-03-18?')
    print(result.output)
    #> There are 9,208 days between January 1, 2000, and March 18, 2025.w

if __name__ == '__main__':
    import asyncio
    asyncio.run(main())

Usage in codes as an MCP server

First install the mcp-run-python package:

pip install mcp-run-python
# or
uv add mcp-run-python

With mcp-run-python installed, you can also run deno directly with prepare_deno_env or async_prepare_deno_env

from pydantic_ai import Agent
from pydantic_ai.mcp import MCPServerStdio
from mcp_run_python import async_prepare_deno_env

import logfire

logfire.configure()
logfire.instrument_mcp()
logfire.instrument_pydantic_ai()


async def main():
    async with async_prepare_deno_env('stdio') as deno_env:
        server = MCPServerStdio('deno', args=deno_env.args, cwd=deno_env.cwd, timeout=10)
        agent = Agent('claude-3-5-haiku-latest', toolsets=[server])
        async with agent:
            result = await agent.run('How many days between 2000-01-01 and 2025-03-18?')
        print(result.output)
        #> There are 9,208 days between January 1, 2000, and March 18, 2025.w

if __name__ == '__main__':
    import asyncio
    asyncio.run(main())

Note: prepare_deno_env can take deps as a keyword argument to install dependencies.
As well as returning the args needed to run mcp_run_python, prepare_deno_env creates a new deno environment
and installs the dependencies so they can be used by the server.

Usage in code with code_sandbox

mcp-run-python includes a helper function code_sandbox to allow you to easily run code in a sandbox.

from mcp_run_python import code_sandbox

code = """
import numpy
a = numpy.array([1, 2, 3])
print(a)
a
"""

async def main():
    async with code_sandbox(dependencies=['numpy']) as sandbox:
        result = await sandbox.eval(code)
        print(result)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    import asyncio

    asyncio.run(main())

Under the hood, code_sandbox runs an MCP server using stdio. You can run multiple code blocks with a single sandbox.

Logging

MCP Run Python supports emitting stdout and stderr from the python execution as MCP logging messages.

For logs to be emitted you must set the logging level when connecting to the server. By default, the log level is set to the highest level, emergency.

Dependencies

mcp_run_python uses a two step process to install dependencies while avoiding any risk that sandboxed code can
edit the filesystem.

• deno is first run with write permissions to the node_modules directory and dependencies are installed, causing wheels to be written to ``
• deno is then run with read-only permissions to the node_modules directory to run untrusted code.

Dependencies must be provided when initializing the server so they can be installed in the first step.